Keywords
How to Cite
Abstract
This study investigates the diplomatic and intelligence connections between the Sarbadar movement of Sabzevar (1336–1381) and the political entities of Mawarannahr (Transoxiana) during the 14th century. Although geographically distinct, both regions faced the common challenge of post-Mongol fragmentation and engaged in meaningful cross-regional interactions. Drawing on Persian chronicles, Timurid sources, and comparative analysis of institutions, the research demonstrates that Sarbadar diplomacy involved formal embassies, intelligence gathering, religious networks, and commercial relationships. Particular attention is given to contacts with Amir Temur’s rising state, revealing how diplomacy preceded conquest. The findings contribute to reassessing the Sarbadars as an active regional player rather than an isolated movement.
References
Akhmedov, B. A. (1995). Istoriya Balkha XVI-pervoy poloviny XVIII v [History of Balkh from the 16th to the first half of the 18th century]. Tashkent: Fan.
Aubin, J. (1976). Émirs mongols et vizirs persans dans les remous de l’acculturation. Studia Iranica, 5(1), 41-72.
Āyatī, A. (1945). Tārīkh-i Sabzavār. Tehran: Chāpkhānah-i Dānishgāh.
Bernardini, M. (2000). The Historiography Concerning Temür-i Lang: 16th-17th Centuries. Cahiers d’Asie centrale, 7, 279-284.
Fasihi Khwafi, M. (1960). Mujmal-i Fasihi (M. Farrukh, Ed.). Mashhad: Bastan.
Fedorov, M. (2003). Money circulation in the state of the Sarbadars. Iran, 41, 157-169.
Hafiz-i Abru. (1959). Zubdat al-tawarikh (F. Tauer, Ed.). Prague: Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences.
Ibn Battuta. (1958-1971). The Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354 (H. A. R. Gibb, Trans.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Jami, N. (1957). Nafahat al-uns (M. Towhidipur, Ed.). Tehran: Kitabfurushi-yi Mahmudi.
Manz, B. F. (1989). The Rise and Rule of Tamerlane. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Melville, C. (2009). The Sarbadars of Sabzavar: A Case of Revolutionary Deterioration. Journal of Semitic Studies, 37(2), 175-189.
Mir Khwand, M. (1853-1856). Rawzat al-safa (R. Hidayat, Ed.). Tehran: n.p.
Petrushevskyj, I. P. (1956). Dvizhenie serbedorov v Khorasane. Uchenye zapiski Instituta vostokovedeniya, 14, 91-162.
Potter, L. (2014). Sufis and Sultans in Post-Mongol Iran. Iranian Studies, 47(3), 357-385.
Rtveladze, E. V. (1996). Pre-Muslim Coins of Chach (Tashkent: Fan).
Smith, J. M. (1970). The History of the Sarbadar Dynasty 1336-1381 A.D. and Its Sources. The Hague: Mouton.
Yazdi, S. (1972). Zafarnama (A. Urunbaev, Ed.). Tashkent: Fan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.